Michigan

This article is about the U.S. State; for other uses, see Michigan (disambiguation). State of Michigan (In detail) (In detail) State nickname: The Wolverine State, The Great Lakes State Official languages English de-facto Capital Lansing Largest city Detroit Governor Jennifer Granholm (D) Senators Carl Levin (D) Debbie Stabenow (D) Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 11th 96,889 mi² / 250,941 km² 41.3 Population  - Total (2000)  - Density Ranked 8th 179 per mi² / 67.55/km² Admission into Union January 26, 1837 (26th) Time Zone Eastern: UTC-5/-4 (Some Upper Peninsula counties bordering Wisconsin are Central time.) Coordinates  - Latitude  - Longitude  - Width  - Length 41°41'N to 47°30'N 82°26'W to 90°31'W 239 miles / 385 km 491 miles / 790 km Elevation  - Highest point  - Mean  - Lowest point 1,978 ft. / 603 m 902 ft. / 275 m 571 ft / 174 m Abbreviations  - USPS  - ISO 3166-2 MI US-MI Web site www.michigan.gov Michigan is a state in the United States. The name is derived from Lake Michigan, which in turn is believed to come from the Chippewa Indian word meicigama, meaning "great water." Bounded by four of the Great Lakes, Michigan has the longest freshwater shoreline in the continental United States, the longest total shoreline after Alaska (including island shorelines [1]), and more recreational boats than any other state in the union. A person in Michigan is never more than 85 miles from a Great Lake. Contents 1 History 2 Michigan history timeline 2.1 Early European history 2.2 U.S. territorial history 2.3 U.S. state history 3 Law and Government 4 Geography 4.1 National parks 5 Economy 6 Demographics 6.1 Religion 7 Important cities 7.1 20 wealthiest places in Michigan 8 Education 8.1 Colleges and universities 8.2 Community Colleges and Technical Schools 9 Professional sports teams 9.1 Other notable sports teams 9.2 Michigan's Sports Victories 10 State symbols 11 Miscellaneous information 11.1 Quick trivia 12 See also 13 References 14 External links History Michigan was home to various Native American tribes for centuries before the arrival of Europeans. When the first European explorers arrived, the most populous and influential tribes were the linguistically and ethnically related Ottawa, Chippewa, and Potawatomi. Within Michigan, the Chippewa were the most populous, estimated at between 25,000 and 35,000, and were predominant in the western Upper Peninsula and northern Wisconsin, though they were also present in other areas of the Upper Peninsula and Northern Michigan. The Ottawa primarily inhabited the area around the Straits of Mackinac and areas of Northern Michigan, while the Potawatomi resided primarily in southwest Michigan. The three tribes co-existed peacefully and formed a loose confederation known as the Council of Three Fires. Other tribes with a presence in Michigan were the Mascouten, Miami, and Wyandot (or Huron). Michigan was explored and settled by French voyageurs in the 17th century. The first Europeans to reach what later became Michigan were Étienne Brûlé's group in 1622. The first European settlement was made in 1668 by Father Jacques Marquette, a Jesuit missionary who established a mission at Sault Ste. Marie. In 1679, Robert Cavelier Sieur de la Salle directed the construction of the Griffin--the first European sailing vessel on the upper Great Lakes. That same year, La Salle built Fort Miami at present-day St. Joseph. In 1701, French explorer and army officer Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac founded Detroit on the straits between Lakes St. Clair and Erie. Cadillac had convinced King Louis XIV's chief minister, Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Pontchartrain, that a permanent community at present-day Detroit would strengthen French control over the upper Great Lakes and repel British advances. The one hundred soldiers and workers that accompanied Cadillac built a 200-square-foot palisade and named it Fort Pontchartrain. Cadillac's wife, Marie Thérèse, soon moved to Detroit, becoming one of the first white women to settle in the Michigan wilderness. The town quickly became a major fur-trading and shipping post. At the same time, the French strengthened Fort Michilimackinac at the Straits of Mackinac in order to better control their lucrative fur-trading empire. By the mid-eighteenth century, the French had also occupied forts at present-day Niles and Sault Ste. Marie. Most of the rest of the region remained unsettled by whites, however. By 1760, the French would lose their North American empire with their defeat by the British in the French and Indian War (1754–1763). Michigan passed to Great Britain in 1763 and then to the new United States two decades later. The population grew slowly until the opening of the Erie Canal in 1825, which brought large numbers of settlers. By the 1830s, Michigan had some 80,000 residents, more than enough to apply for statehood. A state government was formed in 1835, although Congressional recognition of the state languished due to a boundary dispute with Ohio, with both sides claiming a 468 square mile (1,210 km²) strip of land that included the important port city of Toledo on Lake Erie and an area to the west then known as the "Great Black Swamp." The dispute eventually culminated into what would be known as the Toledo War when Michigan and Ohio militia maneuvered in the area. Ultimately, Congress awarded the "Toledo Strip" to Ohio, and Michigan, having received the western part of the Upper Peninsula as a concession, formally entered the Union on January 26, 1837. Thought to be useless at the time of its addition to Michigan, it was soon discovered that the Upper Peninsula was a rich and important source of lumber, iron, and copper, which would become the state's most sought-after natural resources. Michigan's economy underwent a massive shift at the turn of the 20th century. The birth of the automotive industry, with Henry Ford's first plant in the Highland Park suburb of Detroit, marked the beginning of a new era in personal transportation. It was a development that not only transformed Detroit and Michigan, but permanently altered the socio-economic climate of the United States and much of the world, for that matter. Grand Rapids, the second-largest city in Michigan, is also a center of automotive manufacturing. Since 1838, the city has also been noted for its thriving furniture industry. Since World War II, Detroit's industrial base has eroded as auto companies abandoned some of the area's industrial parks in favor of less expensive labor found overseas and in southern U.S. states. Still, with 10 million residents, Michigan remains a large and influential state and ranks 8th in population among the 50 states. Michigan history timeline Early European history 1622 Étienne Brûlé and his fellow explorers from Grenoble, France, were probably the first white men to see Lake Superior. 1668 Père (Father) Jacques Marquette established Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, the first European settlement in Michigan 1701 Antoine de Lamothe Cadillac, with his lieutenant Alphonse de Tonty, established a trading post on the Detroit River which they name Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit; now the present site of Detroit. 1760 Detroit was captured by the British. 1760s Chief Pontiac led a major revolt of the Ottawa tribe against the British. 1783 The area that is now Michigan is included with the territory ceded by Great Britain to the United States by the Treaty of Paris that ended the American Revolutionary War. The U.S. did not take control of the territory until 1796. 1796 Detroit and other posts in Michigan were turned over to the United States under terms of the Jay Treaty. Wayne County was established as an administrative division of the Northwest Territory. U.S. territorial history 1805 Michigan Territory was created, with Detroit designated as the seat of government. William Hull appointed as governor. Detroit was destroyed by fire. 1813 Lewis Cass became Territorial Governor. 1817 The University of Michigan is established in Detroit, the first public university in the state. 1819 In the Treaty of Saginaw, the Ojibwe, Ottawa, and Potawatomi ceded more than six million acres, or 24,000 km² in the central portion of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan to the United States. 1821 With the Treaty of Chicago, the Ojibwe, Ottawa, and Potawatomi ceded all the lands south of the Grand River to the United States. 1823 Congress transferred legislative powers previously exercised by the Territorial Governor and Judges to a nine-member Legislative Council, appointed by the U.S. President who selected them from eighteen persons chosen by the people. The Council was expanded to thirteen members in 1825 and made an elected body in 1827. 1828 Territorial Capitol built in Detroit at a cost of $24,500. 1835 First Constitutional Convention. Stevens T. Mason inaugurated as the first Governor. A minor conflict with Ohio, known as the Toledo War, over an area including the city of Toledo, Ohio, contributed to delaying Michigan's statehood. As a resolution, Ohio received Toledo and the Toledo Strip, while Michigan gained the western two-thirds of Michigan's Upper Peninsula. 1837 Admitted as a free state into the union (the 26th state), it was admitted a few months after the slave state of Arkansas. U.S. state history 1837 The Panic of 1837 was a severe setback to the nascent state bank and to several ambitious programs of public improvements, including the Clinton-Kalamazoo Canal 1838 Patriot War 1840 Douglass Houghton reported finding copper deposits on the Keweenaw Peninsula. 1846 Marji-Gesick, an Ojibwa Indian, pointed out a large deposit of iron ore to prospector Philo Everett near the present-day city of Negaunee. 1847 A law was passed by the State Legislature to re-locate from Detroit the State Capital to a site "in the township of Lansing, in the county of Ingham." 1855 Michigan State University is founded as the Agricultural College of the State of Michigan, becoming the first land grant university in the United States. 1879 New State Capitol dedicated in Lansing. The structure cost $1,510,130. 1890s and 1900s Ford, Chrysler and General Motors were founded in southeastern Michigan. 1937 Flint Sit-Down Strike ended with official recognition of the United Auto Workers by General Motors. 1943 Riot broke out pitting whites against blacks during wartime. 1957 Five-mile long Mackinac Bridge opened November 1. 1967 Race riots struck the city of Detroit. After 5 days of rioting, 43 people lay dead, 1189 injured and over 7000 people had been arrested. The riot had lasting effects on the entire metro region and is usually cited as one of the reasons the Detroit area is among the most segregated areas in the United States. 1974 Gerald R. Ford of Grand Rapids became the 38th President of the United States. 1987 Michigan celebrated 150 years of statehood. 2002 Michigan elects its first woman governor, Jennifer Granholm (D). Law and Government Capital: Lansing Law/Government of state governor — current, previous governors Current: Jennifer Granholm Michigan Legislature — bicameral Michigan State House of Representatives Michigan Senate structure of state judiciary Michigan Constitutions of 1835, 1850, 1908, and 1963 state constitution Referendum and Voter Initiative: Michigan's constitution provides for voter initiative and referendum (Article II, § 9 [2], defined as "the power to propose laws and to enact and reject laws, called the initiative, and the power to approve or reject laws enacted by the legislature, called the referendum. The power of initiative extends only to laws which the legislature may enact under this constitution." Michigan counties and townships are statutory units of government, meaning that they have only those powers expressly provided or fairly implied by state law. Cities and villages are vested with home rule powers, meaning that they can do almost anything not prohibited by law. There are two types of townships in Michigan: general law and charter. Charter township status was created by the state legislature in 1947 and grants additional powers and stream-lined administration in order to provide greater protection against annexation by a city. As of April 2001, there were 127 charter townships in Michigan. Like other northern states, the Republican Party dominated Michigan until the Great Depression. In 1912, Michigan was one of the few states to support progressive third party candidate Teddy Roosevelt for president. In recent years, the state's strong industrial and union heritage has made the state lean Democratic, at least in national elections. Michigan has supported Democrats in the last four presidential elections. In 2004, John Kerry narrowly defeated George Bush, winning Michigan's 17 electoral votes by a margin of 3 percentage points with 51.2% of the vote. Republicans' greatest strength is in the western, northern, and rural parts of the state, especially in the Grand Rapids area. Democrats are strongest in the east, especially in metropolitan Detroit. Further information: List of Michigan Governors, List of United States Senators from Michigan & List of United States Representatives from Michigan Geography Michigan map depicting territorial waters Michigan encompasses 96,810 mi² (250,630 km²), making it the largest state east of the Mississippi River if territorial water is included. Georgia and Florida each have a slightly larger land area, however. The state is subdivided into 83 counties. Further information: List of Michigan counties Michigan borders Indiana and Ohio to the south, and Wisconsin to the southwest of the Upper Peninsula. The state also borders Minnesota, Illinois, the Canadian province of Ontario, and the Canadian First Nation (Indian) reserve of Walpole Island, but only on water boundaries in the Great Lakes system. The Great Lakes divide Michigan into two peninsulas: the Upper Peninsula (often called simply "The U.P.") and the Lower Peninsula. They are connected only by the five-mile-long Mackinac Bridge—the third longest suspension bridge in the world. The Great Lakes which touch the two peninsulas are Lake Erie, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan and Lake Superior. The heavily forested Upper Peninsula is mountainous; the Porcupine range, rising to an altitude of almost 2,000 feet above the sea, forming the watershed between the streams flowing into Lake Superior and Lake Michigan. The surface on either side of this range is rugged. The state's highest point is Mount Arvon at 1,979 feet (603 m). The peninsula is as large as Connecticut, Delaware, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island combined, but has less than 330,000 inhabitants, who are sometimes called "Yoopers" (from "U.P.'ers") and whose speech has been heavily influenced by the large number of Scandinavian and Canadian immigrants who settled the area during the mining boom of the late 1800's. The Lower Peninsula, shaped like a mitten, is 277 miles (446 km) long from north to south and 195 miles (314 km) from east to west and occupies nearly two-thirds of the state's land area. The surface of the peninsula is generally level, broken by conical hills rising to an elevation difference not exceeding 200 feet. It is divided by a low water divide running north and south, the larger portion of the state being on the west of this and gradually sloping toward Lake Michigan. The highest point in the Lower Peninsula is not definitely established but is either Briar Hill at 1,705 feet (520 m), or one of several points closely nearby. The lowest point is the surface of Lake Erie at 571 feet (174 m). There are numerous lakes and marshes in both peninsulas, and the coast is much indented. Keweenaw, Whitefish, and the Big and Little Noquette bays are the principal indentations on the Upper Peninsula, while the Grand and Little Traverse, Thunder, and Saginaw bays indent the Lower Peninsula. Other than Alaska, Michigan has the longest shoreline of any state—2,242 miles (3,607 km). An additional 879 miles (1415 km) can be added if islands are included. This equals the length of the Atlantic Coast, from Maine to Florida. The state has numerous large islands, the principal ones being the Manitou, Beaver, and Fox groups in Lake Michigan; Isle Royale, and Grande Isle, in Lake Superior; Marquette, Bois Blanc, and Mackinac in Lake Huron; and Nebish, Sugar, and Drummond Islands in St. Mary's River. Further information: Islands of Michigan The state's rivers are small, short and shallow, and but few are navigable. The principal ones include the Au Sable, Thunder Bay, Cheboygan, and Saginaw, flowing into Lake Huron; Ontonagon, and Tahquamenon into Lake Superior, and the St. Joseph, Kalamazoo, Grand, and Escanaba into Lake Michigan. (See List of Michigan rivers.) No point in Michigan is more than 6 miles (10 km) from an inland lake or more than 85 miles (137 km) from one of the Great Lakes, and the state has more than 11,000 inland lakes and more than 36,000 miles (58,000 km) of rivers and streams. The geological formation of the state is greatly varied. Primary boulders are found over the entire surface, the Upper Peninsula being principally of primitive origin, while Secondary deposits cover the entire Lower Peninsula. The Upper Peninsula exhibits Lower Silurian sandstones, limestones, copper and iron bearing rocks, corresponding to the Huronian system of Canada. The central portion of the Lower Peninsula contains coal measures and rocks of the permo-Carboniferous period. Devonian and sub-Carboniferous deposits are scattered over the entire state. The soil is of a varied composition and in large areas is very fertile, especially in the south, but the Upper Peninsula for the most part is rocky and mountainous and the soil unadapted to agriculture. The climate is tempered by the proximity of the lakes and is much milder than in other localities with the same latitude. The principal forest trees include basswood, maple, elm, sassafras, butternut, walnut, poplar, hickory, oak, willow, pine, birch, beech, hemlock, witchhazel, tamarack, cedar, locust, dogwood, and ash. Detroit, Michigan is the only major city in the United States that is actually due north of Canada. National parks Isle Royale National Park Keweenaw National Historical Park Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore Father Marquette National Memorial Related topics: Protected areas of Michigan, List of Michigan state parks Economy Michigan is primarily known as the birthplace of the automobile industry. However, it is also home to a thriving tourist industry, with destinations such as Traverse City, Mackinac Island, Saugatuck and the entire Upper Peninsula drawing vacationers, hunters and nature enthusiasts from across the United States and Canada. Although it has an urban image to non-visitors, Michigan is actually 50 percent forest, much of it quite remote. Both the forests and thousands of miles of beaches are heavy draws. Tourists also flock to many of the museums, particularly those in the Detroit area. Hunting is a major component of Michigan's economy. Michigan ranks 1st in the nation in licensed hunters (over one million) who contribute $2 billion annually to its economy. Over three-quarters of a million hunters participate in White-tailed deer season alone. Some K-12 school districts in rural areas of Michigan go so far as to cancel school on the opening day of rifle season, due to safety and attendance concerns. Michigan's Department of Natural Resources manages the largest dedicated state forest system in the nation. The Forest products industry and recreational users contribute $12 billion and 200,000 associated jobs annually to its economy. Michigan has more than 90 native species of trees, more than all of Europe combined. See also: List of companies based in Michigan State income The Bureau of Economic Analysis estimates that Michigan's total state product in 2003 was $365 billion. Per capital personal income in 2003 was $31,178, 20th in the nation. Major industries/products Automobiles (General Motors, Ford, Daimler-Chrysler), Amway, cereal (Kellogg's), copper, furniture (Steelcase, Herman Miller, Haworth), iron state taxes Demographics Historical populations Census year Population 1800 3,757 1810 4,762 1820 7,452 1830 28,004 1840 212,267 1850 397,654 1860 749,113 1870 1,184,059 1880 1,636,937 1890 2,093,890 1900 2,420,982 1910 2,810,173 1920 3,668,412 1930 4,842,325 1940 5,256,106 1950 6,371,766 1960 7,823,194 1970 8,875,083 1980 9,262,078 1990 9,295,297 2000 9,938,444 Michigan's total population as of 2004 was 10,112,620 (U.S. Census Bureau estimate). The state had a foreign-born population of 594,700 (5.9% of the state population). The state's population increased by 817,000 between 1990 and 2004, an 8.8% growth Race The racial makeup of Michigan, according to the 2000 Census: 80.2% Caucasian 14.2% African American 1.8% Asian American 0.6% Native American 1.9% Mixed race The five largest reported ancestries in Michigan are: German (20.4%), African American (14.2%), Irish (10.7%), English (9.9%), Polish (8.6%). 3.3% of the population is of Hispanic origin, a category that may include members of any race. Americans of German ancestry are present throughout most of Michigan. Nordic (especially Finnish), British, and French ancestry have a notable presence in the Upper Peninsula. Western Michigan is well-known for the Dutch heritage of many residents (the highest concentration of any state), especially in the Grand Rapids-Holland area. Metro Detroit has many residents of Polish, Irish, and Arab ancestry, and African Americans are a majority in the city of Detroit. Religion The religious affiliations of the people of Michigan are: Christian – 82% Protestant – 58% Baptist – 15% Methodist – 10% Pentecostal – 7% Lutheran – 5% Reformed – 4% United Church of Christ – 3% Church of Christ – 2% Other Protestant – 12% Roman Catholic – 23% Other Christian – 1% Muslim – 2% Jewish – 1% Other Religions – <1% Non-Religious – 15% Michigan has a higher percentage of Muslims (in the Detroit area) and a higher percentage of Reformed Christians (in Grand Rapids and the western part of the state) than any other American state. Important cities Detroit's downtown viewed from the Detroit River Further information: List of cities, villages, and townships in Michigan The largest cities in Michigan are (according to the 2000 census): Detroit population 951,270 (also known as "Motor City" and Motown). Grand Rapids population 197,800 (The Furniture City). Warren population 138,247. Flint population 124,943 (The birthplace of General Motors, also known as the "Vehicle City") . Sterling Heights population 124,471. Lansing population 119,128 (the state capital). Ann Arbor population 114,024 (the home of the University of Michigan) Livonia, population 100,545 Dearborn, population 98,000 (headquarters of the Ford Motor Company; birthplace of Henry Ford) Other important cities include: Battle Creek (Cereal City U.S.A.) Bay City (major port on the Saginaw River) Marquette (largest city in the Upper Peninsula with 19,661 people). Traverse City (the Cherry Capital of the World) Midland (headquarters of the Dow Chemical Company) Frankenmuth (Michigan's Little Bavaria) Holland (home of the Michigan Dutch) East Lansing (home of Michigan State University) Saginaw (largest of the tri-cities) Sault Ste. Marie (home of the Soo Locks and Sault Ste. Marie International Bridge) 20 wealthiest places in Michigan As ranked by per capita income, as of the U.S. census2 of 2000: Barton Hills, $110,683 Bloomfield Hills, $104,920 Lake Angelus, $83,792 Bingham Farms, $74,588 Franklin, $71,033 Grosse Pointe Shores, $69,639 Orchard Lake Village, $67,881 Michiana, $63,558 Bloomfield Township, $62,716 Birmingham, $59,314 Grosse Pointe Farms, $54,846 Grosse Pointe, $53,942 Grand Beach, $51,788 Sylvan Lake, $48,744 Huntington Woods, $45,264 South Gull Lake, $45,175 West Bloomfield Township, $44,885 Northville, $43,454 Beverly Hills, $43,452 Grosse Ile, $42,150 Of these 20 locations, half are located in Oakland County, just north of Detroit. Only three of these cities are located outside of Metro Detroit. Detroit, with a per capita income of $14,717, ranks 517th on the list of Michigan locations by per capita income. Benton Harbor is the poorest city in Michigan, with a per capita income of $8,965. Education Colleges and universities Adrian College Albion College Alma College Andrews University Aquinas College Ave Maria College Ave Maria School of Law Baker College Calvin College Calvin Theological Seminary Center for Humanistic Studies Central Bible College Central Michigan University Cleary University College for Creative Studies Concordia University, Ann Arbor Cornerstone University Cranbrook Academy of Art Davenport University Detroit Baptist Theological Seminary Eastern Michigan University Ecumenical Theological Seminary Ferris State University Finlandia University Grace Bible College Grand Rapids Baptist Seminary Grand Valley State University Great Lakes Christian College Hillsdale College Hope College Kalamazoo College Kendall College of Art and Design Kettering University Lake Superior State University Lawrence Technological University Lewis College of Business Madonna University Marygrove College Michigan Jewish Institute Michigan State University Michigan Technological University Michigan Theological Seminary Northern Michigan University Northwood University Oakland University Olivet College Reformed Bible College Rochester College Sacred Heart Major Seminary SS. Cyril and Methodius Seminary Saginaw Valley State University Siena Heights University Spring Arbor University Suomi College Thomas M. Cooley Law School University of Detroit Mercy University of Michigan System University of Michigan-Ann Arbor main campus University of Michigan-Dearborn University of Michigan-Flint Walsh College of Accountancy and Business Wayne State University Western Michigan University Western Theological Seminary William Tyndale College Yeshiva Beth Yehudah Gedolah Community Colleges and Technical Schools American College of Computer and Information Sciences Alpena Community College Bay de Noc Community College Bay Mills Community College Delta College Ellis College of NYIT Glen Oaks Community College Gogebic Community College Grand Rapids Community College Henry Ford Community College ITT Technical Institute - Canton, Grand Rapids, and Troy Jackson Community College Kalamazoo Valley Community College Kellogg Community College Kirtland Community College Lake Michigan College Lansing Community College Macomb Community College Mid-Michigan Community College Monroe County Community College Montcalm Community College Mott Community College Muskegon Community College National Institute of Technology - Southfield National Institute of Technology - Wyoming North Central Michigan College Northwestern Michigan College Oakland Community College Olympia Career Training Institute - Grand Rapids, Michigan Olympia Career Training Institute - Kalamazoo, Michigan Saint Clair County Community College Schoolcraft College Southwestern Michigan College University of Phoenix - Detroit, Michigan University of Phoenix - Grand Rapids, Michigan Washtenaw Community College Wayne County Community College West Shore Community College Professional sports teams Detroit Tigers, Major League Baseball Detroit Lions, National Football League Detroit Red Wings, National Hockey League Detroit Pistons, National Basketball Association Detroit Shock, Women's National Basketball Association Minor League baseball teams: West Michigan Whitecaps Southwest Michigan Devil Rays Lansing Lugnuts Traverse City Beach Bums Other notable sports teams Detroit Fury, (recently disbanded) Arena Football League Detroit Demolition, National Women's Football Association Grand Rapids Rampage, Arena Football League Grand Rapids Griffins, American Hockey League Flint Generals, United Hockey League Kalamazoo Wings, United Hockey League Motor City Mechanics, United Hockey League Muskegon Fury, United Hockey League Port Huron Flags, United Hockey League Plymouth Whalers, Ontario Hockey League Saginaw Spirit, Ontario Hockey League Traverse City North Stars, North American Hockey League Alpena IceDiggers, North American Hockey League Michigan Mayhem, Continental Basketball Association Michigan's Sports Victories 1902 The University of Michigan Wolverines win the first-ever Rose Bowl (game). 1935 The Detroit Tigers win their first World Series. 1935 The Detroit Lions win their first National Football League championship. 1936 The Detroit Red Wings win their first Stanley Cup. 1936 The Detroit Red Wings win their second Stanley Cup. 1943 The Detroit Red Wings win their third Stanley Cup. 1945 The Detroit Tigers win their second World Series. 1950 The Detroit Red Wings win their fourth Stanley Cup. 1952 The Detroit Red Wings win their fifth Stanley Cup. 1952 The Detroit Lions win their second National Football League championship. 1953 The Detroit Lions win their third National Football League championship. 1954 The Detroit Red Wings win their sixth Stanley Cup. 1955 The Detroit Red Wings win their seventh Stanley Cup. (They would not win another for 42 years.) 1957 The Detroit Lions win their fourth National Football League championship. 1968 The Detroit Tigers win the World Series again. 1974 The Central Michigan University Chippewas win the NCAA Division II national football championship. 1975 The Northern Michigan University Wildcats win their first NCAA Division II national football championship. 1979 The Michigan State University Spartans become the first college in the state to win the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship. 1983 The Michigan Panthers win the first United States Football League championship. 1984 The Detroit Tigers win the World Series again. 1989 The University of Michigan Wolverines win their first NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship. 1989 The Detroit Pistons win their first NBA Championship. 1990 The Detroit Pistons win their second NBA Championship. 1997 The Detroit Red Wings win the Stanley Cup after a 42 year drought dating back to 1955. 1998 The Detroit Red Wings win their ninth Stanley Cup. 2000 The Michigan State University Spartans win their second NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship. 2001 The Arena Football League Grand Rapids Rampage win ArenaBowl XV and their first ArenaBowl championship. 2002 The Detroit Red Wings win their tenth Stanley Cup. 2002 The Detroit Demolition (known as the Detroit Danger at the time) win their first NWFA championship. 2002 The Grand Valley State University Lakers win their first NCAA Division II national football championship. 2003 The Detroit Shock win their first WNBA Championship in the WNBA Finals. 2003 The Detroit Demolition win their second NWFA Championship. 2003 Grand Valley State University Lakers win their second NCAA Division II national football championship. 2004 The Detroit Pistons win their third NBA Championship. 2004 The Detroit Demolition win their third NWFA Championship. 2005 The Detroit Demolition win their fourth NWFA Championship. State symbols State motto: Si Quaeris Peninsulam Amoenam Circumspice (If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look about you.) State song: My Michigan (official since 1937, but disputed amongst Michiganders) State bird: American Robin (since 1931) State mammal: White-tailed Deer (since 1997) State fish: Brook Trout (since 1965) State reptile: Painted Turtle (since 1995) State fossil: Mastodon (since 2000) State flower: Apple Blossom (adopted in 1897, official in 1997) State wildflower: Dwarf Lake Iris (since 1998) State tree: White Pine (since 1955) State stone: Petoskey stone (since 1965) State gem: Isle Royale greenstone (since 1973, also called chlorastrolite) State soil: Kalkaska Sand (since 1990) Miscellaneous information Michigan is simultaneously known for its cities, supported by heavy industry, and its pristine wilderness, home to more than 11,000 lakes. The clang and clamor of metro Detroit's crowded thoroughfares and busy factories stand in vivid counterpoint to the tranquility found in virtually every corner of the state. An individual from Michigan is called a "Michiganian" or "Michigander".[3] A resident of Michigan's Upper Peninsula ("the U.P.") is often called a "Yooper" (or U.P.'er). In turn, residents of the lower peninsula may be jokingly referred to as "trolls" -- because they "live below the Mackinac Bridge." As the Lower Peninsula is famously shaped like a mitten, residents often use their left hand or right palm as a shorthand "map" to illustrate the part of the state from which they hail, or any other location to which they may be referring. Its U.S. postal abbreviation is "MI" (traditional: "Mich."). The U.S. Navy's three ships called USS Michigan were named in honor of the state. Michigan is nicknamed the "Great Lakes State", and also the "Wolverine State", from a nickname earned during the Toledo War. Michigan has over 130 lighthouses, the most of any U.S. state. The first lighthouses in Michigan were built between 1818 and 1822. They were built to project light at night and to serve as a landmark during the day to safely guide the passenger ships and freighters traveling the Great Lakes. See Lighthouses in the United States. Michigan has the most registered boats (over 1 million) of any state in the Union. Michigan is home to the Soo Locks, the world's busiest lock system, and the Mackinac and Ambassador Bridges, each formerly the world's longest suspension bridge. Michigan's 2004 commemorative quarter featured the outline of the state and the surrounding lakes. Quick trivia State nicknames include the Wolverine State, Great Lakes State, Mitten State, and Winter Water Wonderland. The state motto, Si Quaeris Peninsulam Amoenam Circumspice is Latin for "If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look about you", a paraphrase of a statement made by British architect Sir Christopher Wren about his influence on London. The state stone, the Petoskey stone, is composed of fossilized coral (Hexagonaria pericarnata) from long ago when the middle of the continent was covered with a shallow sea. The state gem chlorastrolite, literally the green star stone, also known as the Isle Royale greenstone is found on Isle Royale and the Keweenaw peninsula. The state wildflower, the Dwarf Lake Iris (Iris lacustris), is a federally-listed threatened species. The state soil, Kalkaska Sand, ranges in color from black to yellowish brown, covers nearly a million acres (4,000 km²) in 29 counties. Michigan is the only state composed of two separate peninsulas. The Lower Peninsula of Michigan is nicknamed "The Mitten" because it resembles the palm of a right-hand mitten. When asked where in Michigan they come from, residents of the Lower Peninsula often point to the coresponding part of their right hand. The Upper Peninsula of Michigan is nicknamed "The U.P." Residents of the Upper Peninsula are called Yoopers (from U.P.-ers.) See also List of Governors of Michigan List of Michigan-related topics List of highways in Michigan List of Michigan counties List of people from Michigan References This article does not cite its references or sources. You can help Wikipedia by including appropriate citations. 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Michigan might be without Manningham